A student receiving a sticker for completing math homework is an example of which concept?

The scenario where a student receives a sticker for completing math homework is a clear example of reinforcement. Reinforcement in this context refers to any stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. In this case, the sticker serves as a positive incentive that encourages the student to continue completing math homework in the future.

This specific reinforcement is termed positive reinforcement, where a desirable stimulus (the sticker) is presented following a behavior (completing homework), thereby increasing the probability that the behavior will occur again. This concept is fundamentally important in behavioral psychology, highlighting how rewards can motivate individuals and influence their actions.

Other options, such as punishment and negative reinforcement, involve different processes and outcomes, focusing on discouraging a behavior or removing an aversive stimulus, respectively. Observation learning pertains to acquiring behaviors through watching others, which is not relevant in the context of the provided example. The focus on applying a reward (the sticker) for a specific behavior (completing homework) solidifies why reinforcement is the correct concept to identify here.