For conditioning to be effective, what is the proper order of events in classical conditioning?

In classical conditioning, the effective order of events starts with the conditioned stimulus (CS) followed by the unconditioned stimulus (US), which leads to the unconditioned response (UR). This sequence is critical because the pairing of the CS with the US helps create an association in the learner's mind.

When the conditioned stimulus is presented first, it signals to the subject that the unconditioned stimulus will soon follow. Over time and through repeated pairings, the subject begins to associate the CS with the US, eventually leading to the conditioned response (CR) even when the US is no longer present.

This sequence—where the CS precedes the US—is fundamental in establishing the learned connection, allowing the individual to exhibit the conditioned response (CR) when the CS is presented alone. This dynamic showcases how anticipatory learning occurs, emphasizing the importance of timing and order in the pairing of stimuli during the conditioning process.