How does positive reinforcement affect behavior?

Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated in the future. When a behavior is followed by a rewarding stimulus—such as praise, a treat, or any form of positive feedback—it strengthens the association between the behavior and the positive outcome. This mechanism is fundamental in both behavioral psychology and everyday learning, as it encourages individuals to engage in the rewarded behavior more frequently. For example, if a child completes their homework and receives praise from a parent, they are more likely to continue completing their homework in the future, associating it with the positive reinforcement of approval and encouragement.

In contrast, the other options suggest a decreasing likelihood or no impact on behavior, which does not align with the fundamental principles of positive reinforcement in shaping and maintaining behavior.