In reinforcement theory, what is the result of positive reinforcement?

Positive reinforcement involves the introduction of a pleasant stimulus following a desired behavior, which increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated in the future. This concept is rooted in operant conditioning, where behaviors are influenced by their consequences. When a positive reinforcement is applied, such as praise, rewards, or any enjoyable outcome, it strengthens the association between the behavior and the positive outcome, promoting the repetition of that behavior.

Understanding positive reinforcement helps to clarify the mechanisms by which behavior can be shaped and maintained. For example, a student may study diligently for an exam and receive praise from a teacher afterward; the praise serves as positive reinforcement, motivating the student to continue studying in the future. This highlights the effectiveness of rewarding desirable behaviors to encourage their recurrence.

The other options do not accurately describe positive reinforcement. For instance, removing unpleasant consequences refers to negative reinforcement, while decreasing the likelihood of behavior is associated with punishment. The assertion that it only applies to negative behaviors contradicts the foundational principles of positive reinforcement, which specifically targets desired behaviors, not the negative ones.