What does latent learning refer to?

Latent learning refers to a type of learning that occurs without any immediate reinforcement or demonstration in behavior. This concept suggests that individuals can acquire knowledge or skills without actively exhibiting that learning until a specific situation arises. For example, a rat may explore a maze without receiving any rewards. Although this exploration might not show immediate results in terms of behavior, if a reward is introduced later, the rat can navigate the maze more efficiently, demonstrating that it had previously learned the layout.

The reason this concept is significant in psychology is that it highlights the distinction between learning as a process and performance as an observable action. It reveals that learning can be internalized and retained, even when it is not evident to an outside observer. Conditions such as motivation, reinforcement, or external rewards do not necessarily dictate the acquisition of knowledge in this type of learning. This sets latent learning apart from other forms, which often require immediate or visible actions following learning experiences.