What is the primary focus of behaviorism?

The primary focus of behaviorism is on observable behavior and the effects of the environment on that behavior. Behaviorists argue that psychology should be the study of external behaviors rather than internal mental processes, as behaviors can be directly observed, measured, and modified. This approach emphasizes the relationship between stimuli in the environment and the responses they evoke, advocating that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. Prominent figures in behaviorism, such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, contributed to this field by demonstrating how conditioning, reinforcement, and punishment shape behavior.

In contrast, the other options emphasize aspects that are not central to the behaviorist approach. Focusing on internal cognitive processes involves cognitive psychology, which studies thoughts, beliefs, and mental functions. The unconscious mind pertains to psychoanalytic theory, which explores how hidden motives and desires influence behavior. Lastly, discussing the biological basis of behavior relates more to psychology's biological perspectives, which consider genetics and physiology, rather than the behaviorist emphasis on observable actions and environmental conditioning.