What is the state of affairs after classical conditioning?

After classical conditioning, the state of affairs is that the neutral stimulus has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in a conditioned response to the new conditioned stimulus. In this case, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is the previously neutral stimulus that now elicits a response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus (US) that naturally triggers an unconditioned response (UR).

When the conditioning process is complete, the conditioned stimulus will produce a conditioned response (CR), which is a learned reaction to the conditioned stimulus. This transformation shows the transition from a neutral stimulus to one that can evoke a response due to its conditioning through association with an unconditioned stimulus. Understanding this relationship is fundamental to grasping how learning occurs through association, a key concept in classical conditioning as established by pioneers like Ivan Pavlov.

The other options do not accurately represent the relationship that exists after classical conditioning is complete, making the notation of CS-CR the correct representation of the learned associations formed through this process.